对烯烃或炔烃的加成,是合成氟代烃最直接的方法。由于F2和HF的使用不便以及反应放热严重,难以控制,限制了其在有机合成中的应用,但在工业上应用较多。
多种氟代试剂都能对烯烃加成,生成邻二氟代烷烃。
而单氟代烷烃则是通过HF对烯烃的加成制备,反应遵循Markovnikov规则。由于操作和控制不方便,一个替代方法是使用Olah试剂(HF/Pyridine)。
【Olah, G, A; Welch, J,T. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 3872】
Olah试剂对炔烃的加成则生成二氟代烷烃。
【Olah, G, A; Welch, J,T. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 3872】
AcOF, CF3OF,FOClO3,和CsSO4F等试剂对烯烃的加成会引入另一个官能团,得到邻位取代的氟化物。
NO2BF4对烯烃加成得到邻硝基氟化物,引入一个含氮官能团。
【 Mursakulov, I, G; Talybov, A, H. Chem.Abstr, 1979,90, 38561】
邻卤氟化物可以通过不同试剂对烯烃的加成制得,如环己烯,在不同的条件下生成邻氯,邻溴和邻碘的氟代环己烷。
a Olah, G, A; Welch, J, T. J. Org. Chem. 1979,44, 3872.
b Rozen, S; Brand, M. J. Org. Chem, 1985,50, 3342.
c Heasley, V. L;Gipe, R. K; Martin, J. L. J.Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 3195.
d Alvernhe, G; Laurent, A; Haufe, G. Synthesis.1987, 562.
e Schmidt, H; Mernert, H. Angew. Chem. 1960,72, 493.
1-Bromo-2-fluoro-2-phenylpropane. A magnetically stirred mixture of α-methylstyrene (7.1 g, 60 mmol), triethylamine trihydrofluoride and (14.7 mL, 90 mmol) and dichloro- methane (60 mL) contained in a 250 mL, single-necked, round-bottomed flask is treated with N-bromosuccinimide (11.8 g, 66 mmol) at0°C. After 15 min, the bath is removed, and stirring is continued at room temperature for 5 hr. The reaction mixture is poured into ice water (1000 mL), made slightly basic with aqueous 28% ammonia, and extracted with dichloromethane (4 × 150 mL). The combined extracts are washed with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (2 × 150 mL) and 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (2 × 150 mL) and then dried over magnesium sulfate . After removal of the solvent by rotary evaporation, the crude product is distilled to give the product:11.6 g(89%); bp 50-52°C(0.15 mm), n20 D 1.5370
【Haufe, G; Alvernhe, G; Laurent,A. Organic Syntheses. Coll. Vol. 10, 128.】
本文非原创内容,版权归原作者所有,如涉及版权问题,请联系删除。